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Since OLF left Ethiopia’s transitional government in the early 1990s, the Oromo People’s Democratic Organization (OPDO) has continued to develop Oromo in Ethiopia. With the creation of the regional state of Oromia under the new system of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia, it was possible to introduce Oromo as a means of instruction in primary schools across the region, including areas where other ethnic groups speak their languages, and as a language of administration. Plans to introduce Oromo language teaching in schools, however, were not carried out until the Mengistu Haile Mariam government was overthrown in 1991, except in regions controlled by the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). In Kenya, radio broadcasts in Oromo (in the Borana dialect) have been carried out since the late 1980s by Voice of Kenya radio.
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With the creation of the Oromia region under the new system of dividing the regions by ethnicity, it became possible to introduce the teaching of the Oromo language in primary schools as well as administrative language in the region. Plans to introduce Oro teaching in schools, however, were not put into practice until the fall of President Mengistu Haile Mariamin 1991, except in regions controlled by the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). After the revolution, the government undertook a literary campaign in several languages, including Oromo, since then radio broadcasts and publications began in that language. Language policyīefore the Ethiopian revolution in 1974, publishing and broadcasting in Oromo was prohibited, and the few works that were written in the language, notably the Bible translation by Onesimos Nesib and Aster Ganno in the late 19th century written using the ‘alphabet’ ge’ez. In addition to native speakers, a large number of members of other tribes who maintain contact with the Oromo people speak Oromo as a second language, for example, the Bambassi, who speak omotic languages and the Kwama, who speak Nile-Saharan languages in northwest Oromia. In Africa, it is among the languages with the largest number of speakers, losing from Arabic (considering that the different dialects of Arabic constitute a single language), Swahili, Haussah, and Yoruba. In Ethiopia, Oromo is the most widely spoken language (according to the 2007 Ethiopian census) in numbers of speakers who have it as their first language (33.8% versus 29.33% for Amharic ). In Somalia there are about 42,000 speakers of the language. Some of the varieties of Oromo have been examined and classified.Īt least 99 percent of Oromo speakers live in Ethiopia, mainly in the state of Oromia.
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Mecha / Wollega, Raya, Wello (Kemise), Tulema / Shewa) ISO code īlench (2006) divides oromo into these 4 languages: West – Central Oromo (Western Oromo and Central Oromo, incl.Orma (Munyo, Orma, Waata / Sanye), ISO code.Boranaa – Arsii – Gujii Oromo (Southern Oromo, incl.Įthnologue (2015) assigns five ISO codes for Oromo: Since the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie and the adoption of the Latin alphabet, it is believed that more texts were written in Oromo between 19 than in the previous 100 years. However, literate Oromo speakers could use the ge’ez alphabet to translate their language on paper. Until the middle of the 20th century, the writing of any language other than Amharic or Tigrinya was illegal in Ethiopia. Saphalo script was a writing system used by the oromes designed by Sheikh Bakri Saphalo (also known as Abubaker Usman Odaa) in the years following the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. The Oromo language uses a modified Latin alphabet called qubee, formally adopted in 1991, and has been used by the Oromo Liberation Front rebels since the late 1970s. In the past, the Oro language and people were known by neighboring non- Oro people and Europeans as Galla, but this term is no longer accepted in the current context. It is spoken as a first language by approximately 25-6 million people by the Oromo people and by neighboring nationalities in Ethiopia and Kenya. The oromo language ( afaan oromoo, oromiffa ), and sometimes by the names of some of its variants ( oromic, afan oromo, etc.), is an Afro-Asian language, and the most widely spoken language of the cuchitic branch.